The Little Hut – Balmain Peninsula

The Peninsula Observer Vol. 59 No. 1 Issue 369, March 2024. – author Dr Ray Stevens

The earliest dwellings in Balmain and Birchgrove history is written largely by people who write history, but we should not confuse history with fact.

In this regard, the common documented history of the first house on the Balmain Peninsula is Birch Grove House c. 1810, built by John Birch on land previously known as Whitfield’s Farm and later extended in 1827 by Rowland Walpole Loane. According to the conditions of Private George Whitfield’s lease of the land, he was ‘required to live on the land and “proceed to the Improvement and Cultivation thereto “(LHJ 15, p.7).

This immediately raises the question, did George Whitfield build a dwelling prior to Birch Grove House?

One could ask equally logically where did the labour come from to build Birch Grove House either in its original form in 1810 or later with grand extensions and expansion by Loane in 1827?

It is untenable to consider that the convict-based labour and tradesmen travelled from Sydney Town each day for work on the site. Temporary accommodation in canvas tents may have been a possibility, but for the foreman of the works, a more permanent dwelling of some sort, possibly Whitfield’s house or hut, is a possibility. Solling & Reynolds write that ‘Birch Grove House, the first residence to appear on the Balmain peninsula, offered seclusion and views…. The men’s huts, located a discreet distance from the residence, housed the convicts who laboured on the estate (Leichhardt: On the Margins of the City, p.15).

Waterview House, built most likely also by Loane sometime prior to 1833, presents a similar contradiction.

While the land that encompassed Balmain’s land grant was known earlier as Gilchrist’s Place, prior to that it was known as Ross’s Farm.

An early advertisement in 1842 by the notable real estate agent of the time, Mr Stubbs, for ‘twenty four well-cultivated acres’ of land between Birch Grove and Waterview House upon which was located ‘A cottage and two huts’ Naples’ around 1878 based on an earlier plan by Joubert, prepared by W. M. Brownrigg, A government park was proposed as part of Ferdinand Reuss Jnr’s early subdivision but it was not until 1881 that the parkland and even Balmain’s Farm (The Australian, June 7, 1826, p.4).

The Ross’s Farm was that of Major Robert Ross of the Marines (later to be Lieutenant Governor of Norfolk Island). It is hard to imagine a ‘farm’ did not have some sort of early dwelling located somewhere on the peninsula.

Clearly, we are dealing with the Eurocentric historical view that a simple dwelling, a hut or shack is not a ‘house’. This does not even broach the topic of indigenous gunyah or goondie of the Wangal people which no doubt dotted the foreshores prior to settlement. Finding documentation on these early dwellings is not easy, even when there are passing references and logical conclusions to be made. One possible example that seems to have been glossed over is the simple hut that was located on the foreshore of Snails Bay. and which will ‘form a remarkable good purchase for immediate occupation’ (SMH Wed 19 Jan 1842, p.4).

The earliest pictorial reference of one of the possible huts is in the 1860 painting of Long Nose Point and the Birch Grove House grounds by George P. Slade. The hut is clearly shown in one of the frames of the Holtermann Panorama of Sydney Harbour around 1875 that includes Birchgrove. It appears as a very crude structure with a full width front verandah facing the bay, a bark roof and side projecting fi replace. It is shown with somewhat less clarity in another photograph taken from Berry’s Bay.

The hut is also included on Ferdinand Reuss Jnr’s plan for the subdivision of the Birch Grove Estate, pompously called the ‘Miniature Bay of Naples’ around 1878 based on an earlier plan by Joubert, prepared by W. M. Brownrigg, A government park was proposed as part of Ferdinand Reuss Jnr’s early subdivision but it was not until 1881 that the parkland was formally acquired. The hut located just at the bend in The Terrace, on lot 6 of Section 5, was demolished around that time and with the reclaiming of the mud flats, the Birchgrove Recreation Ground was created. The park was completed in 1885 (Conservation Management Plan for Birchgrove Park, p.11). Further research: The age of the hut is not known but the style of construction is consistent with very early crude structures with some building techniques like bark roofi ng learned by observing indigenous shelters. (If anyone questions this I would suggest referring to Paul Memmott: Gunyah Goondie + Wurley, The Aboriginal Architecture of Australia).

The site location can be inferred from Ferdinand Reuss Jnr’s plan and should be considered a site that holds archeological potential.

What started as an investigation into an old photograph of a portable iron house in Birchgrove led to the uncovering of an amazing story of adventure for a young woman at the age of 24 who arrived in Sydney from Birmingham via Paris in 1849. While the history of Balmain and Birchgove is known through the actions of its male developers, sea captains, merchants, and industrialists, no one knows the activities of Miss Ross Adcock.

The story of Rose Adcock, along with her two sisters and three continental gentlemen companions, needs to be told, setting Rose among all her male contemporaries in Balmain and Hunters Hill.

The publication of the book Miss Rose Adcock & Her Iron Houses of Snails Bay was assisted by the Inner West History Grant Programme awarded in 2024.

The book is available through the Balmain Association, local booksellers, or directly from the author, Dr Ray Stevens.

Oikos Academic Blog

Dr Ray Stevens has a lifelong passion for architectural heritage and architectural theory, particularly traditional architecture and its symbolism. This may be revealed in the architectural designs, or it may be an undercurrent that is not mentioned. The noted philosopher and academic Nader El-Bizri writes of the role of the architect in traditional practice:

“… the historic integrative role that architecture performed as a humanistic discipline, in being actively involved in the unfolding of scientific investigation, of geometric demonstration, of experimentation with technology, along with the refraction of these domains within the practising of the arts and their expressive mediations of meditations on religion, with its cosmological signifiers, rituals and symbols.”

‘The Conceptual Bearings of the Intercultural Role of Architecture’, in The Cultural Role of Architecture: Contemporary and Historical Perspectives, ed. Paul Emmons, John Hendrix and Jane Lomholt (Abingdon: Routledge, 2012), 204-205).

Not all architectural design needs to include such lofty dimensions, but why should it not?

If this aspect of architectural theory is of interest, then the following academic projects may be downloaded.

A Hermeneutic Exploration of René Guénon’s Symbolism of the Cross Applied to Sacred Architecture

This thesis project explores the correlation between the three dimensions of space and the metaphysical symbolism of the cross. It was the subject of a short but important work by the French traditional metaphysician René Guénon, titled Symbolism of the Cross (Le Symbolisme de La Croix).

In describing the purpose of his work, Guénon wrote that it was ‘to explain a symbol that is common to almost all traditions, a fact that would seem to indicate its direct attachment to the great primordial tradition’. The project is an exploration that allows insights into various aspects of sacred architecture, even when the tradition may be unfamiliar.

Download the book

Space, Time & the Human Margin: A Way of Understanding Sacred  Architecture Through Participation in Spatial & Temporal Symbolism

This thesis project argues that all architecture, and particularly sacred architecture, can be experienced and understood as a venue for an architectural event via various modes of participation, including participation in symbolism. An integrated view of participation takes into account not only how such ideas are included in the discussion and knowing about sacred architecture but, more importantly, how it can be individually experienced as a whole rather than a part of the

human being by all participants, believers and non-believers alike. This may prove of value in investigating other kinds of interaction with all architecture and, possibly, of architectural environments more generally. (The project is currently being modified for general and/or academic publication).

Download the book

Space, Time & the Human Margin: A Way of Understanding Sacred  Architecture Through Participation in Spatial & Temporal Symbolism

This thesis project argues that all architecture, and particularly sacred architecture, can be experienced and understood as a venue for an architectural event via various modes of participation, including participation in symbolism. An integrated view of participation takes into account not only how such ideas are included in the discussion and knowing about sacred architecture but, more importantly, how it can be individually experienced as a whole rather than a part of the

human being by all participants, believers and non-believers alike. This may prove of value in investigating other kinds of interaction with all architecture and, possibly, of architectural environments more generally. (The project is currently being modified for general and/or academic publication).

Download the book

Perceiving the Form & Seeing the Atmosphere of Sacred Places

Paper delivered at the Forum on Architecture, Spirituality, and Culture, ASCF 14: Resonance of the Past, Spirit of the Future. June 5-9, 2024.

Download the Paper